Esther M. Lederberg
Factory Reader (chital'schik or chtez)
Читальщик or Чтец

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The factory reader (chital'schik or Читальщик) worked in a factory, reading books, news, journals, tales, etc. to illiterate factory workers doing repetitive and boring tasks. This was during Tsarist times at the end of the 19th century into the early 20th century, before the 1917 Revolution. For a short time after the 1917 Revolution, the factory reader (now called a chtez or Чтец) continued to exist but used a radio, sometimes playing music. Soon, there were enough literate factory workers.

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